G-Force

That is actually the advance housing for the injection pump. There is a centrifugal weight assembly in there. Perhaps one of the weights decided to try and leave the housing. I would replace the advance assembly and see if the engine runs. Also, before you go any further see if you can turn the crank with a breakeer bar at the damper at least two full revolutions of the crank before you invest any time or money in trying to get it running. I would first remove the injection pump assembly first before attempting this just in case the advance mechanisn is binding in what is left of the housing. Let us know what you find.