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I agree with @Ray70. You seem to be doing the right things. Have you tried any PBblaster or candle wax or other penetrating oil?
FWIW: I try to add the heat to the outer component when trying to pull a gear or fan off of a shaft. I don't know that it makes a big difference, it just seems to me...
I know nothing about this generator in particular, but from experience with other diesels, that looks like the governor is not fully functional either due to a broken spring on the control or stuck internally due gunk.
That control arm vibrates a lot; the centrifugal force from the governor...
I haven't met a well functioning diesel governor that I I could push around with a finger. Normally the centrifugal force in the governor is substantial to be able to adjust the fuel. I do agree with @Ray70 that the governor vibration in your video makes it look like governor is either stuck, or...
You also can get headless shoulder screws;
https://www.mcmaster.com/products/shoulder-screws/?s=shoulder+screws
Or there are also externally threaded dowel pins, aka a threaded on one end stud;
https://www.mcmaster.com/products/dowel-pins/threaded-on-one-end-studs-5/
I'd vote for the latter...
I know nothing about the pin, but I have used Loctite 660 on problem keyways and pins in other applications.
So, FWIW...
https://next.henkel-adhesives.com/us/en/products/retaining-compounds/central-pdp.html/loctite-660/BP000000164196.html
All the best,
2Pbfeet